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Less common kidney stones are made of calcium phosphate, or uric acid.

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Acute Kidney Injury and Regenerative Medicine

Sh MoolChand Kidney Hospital was founded in 2002 with the goal of providing high-quality care in the disciplines of urology, laparoscopy, and laser surgery.

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The biggest kidney stone on record weighed more than a kilogramand was 17 centimeters in diameter.The patient didn't actually swallow a stone the size of a coconut.

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Incidence rate of ruptured intracranial aneurysm (ICA) in people with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a diagnosis of ICA under imaging ...

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Vol 18, No 3 (May), 2011: pp 172-179.

Purpose Digital low-dosage, linear slot scanning radiography (Lodox®) is an imaging modality that can emit down to one-tenth the radiation of conventional X-ray systems. We prospectively evaluated Lodox® as a diagnostic imaging modality in patients with ureterolithiasis. Methods Conventional kidney–ureter–bladder (KUB) X-ray and Lodox® were performed in 41 patients presenting with acute flank pain due to unilateral ureteral stone confirmed by computed tomography. KUB X-ray and Lodox® images were then reviewed by four blinded readers (urology expert/resident, radiology expert/resident). Identification rates were compared using Pearson’s Chi square test. The impact of different parameters on stone identification by Lodox® was evaluated using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models. Inter-reader agreement was tested using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results Median stone size was 5 mm (range 2–12), median stone density was 800 HU (range 200–1500). The identification rates of the urology expert were 68% for KUB X-ray and 90% for Lodox® (p = 0.014), and for all four readers 61% for KUB X-ray and 62% for Lodox® (p = 0.8). Radiation exposure for KUB X-ray and Lodox® was 0.45 mSv (SD ± 0.64) and 0.027 mSv (SD ± 0.038), respectively. Multivariable analyses showed an association between stone identification by Lodox® and stone size (p < 0.001), stone density (p = 0.005), lower body mass index (p = 0.005), and reader (p < 0.001). Conclusions The high identification rates and low radiation doses of Lodox® make it a promising imaging modality for the diagnosis of ureteral stones. Further validation in larger cohorts, including performance evaluation for renal stones, is warranted. Trial registration http://www.controlled-trails.com/ISRCTN12915426.

Clinical Kidney Journal, 2022, vol. 15, no. 10, 1971–1972 https:/doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfac116 Advance Access Publication Date: 29 April 2022 Letter to the ...

Background Chromium picolinate (Cr(pic)3) is advocated as adjuvant therapy for impaired glycemic control, despite concerns for DNA damage. Potential toxicity of Cr(pic)3 should be greater for the kidney that accumulates chromium. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that Cr(pic)3 treatment of obese Zucker rats (OZR) exacerbates renal abnormalities associated with dysglycemia. Methods Male OZR were treated with diets lacking or containing 5 and 10 mg/kg of chromium, as Cr(pic)3, for 20 weeks; lean Zucker rats (LZR) served as controls. Glycemic and renal effects of Cr(pic)3 were determined in the context of indices of oxidative stress and inflammation. Results The OZR displayed increased fasting plasma glucose and insulin in association with enlarged pancreatic islets exhibiting collagen and periodic acid Schiff-positive deposits compared to LZR; Cr(pic)3 treatment did not affect these parameters. The OZR, irrespective of Cr(pic)3, excreted more albumin than LZR. Also, other indices of renal function or histopathology were not affected by Cr(pic)3 treatment. Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an index of oxidative DNA damage, was greater in the OZR than LZR; dietary Cr(pic)3 treatment attenuated 8-OHdG excretion. However, immunostaining of kidney for 8-OHdG revealed similar staining pattern and intensity, despite significant renal accumulation of chromium in Cr(pic)3-treated groups. Finally, increased renal nitrotyrosine and cyclooxygenase-2 levels and urinary excretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 of OZR were partially reversed by Cr(pic)3 treatment. Conclusion Dietary Cr(pic)3 treatment of OZR does not beneficially influence glycemic status or increase the risk for oxidative DNA damage; rather, the treatment attenuates indices of oxidative stress and inflammation.

This article is published as part of a supplement sponsored by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO).

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